Precision surgery today relies on three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology that overcomes the limitations of traditional two-dimensional imaging. Over the past decade, this technology has evolved from a simple data processing tool to a comprehensive intelligent platform that covers the entire surgical process from pre-operative assessment to post-operative monitoring and teaching. The article explores the applications of 3D reconstruction, 3D printing, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR) in various surgical specialties, including hepatobiliary, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, thyroid, breast, hernia, organ transplant, and pediatric surgery. These technologies facilitate precision surgery and allow surgeons to better plan and navigate during procedures. The article also analyzes the current technical limitations and ethical or regulatory challenges associated with the use of these technologies. According to the article, the future of precision surgery will be driven by artificial intelligence, 5G/6G telecommunications technologies and the concept of digital twins.