Gilead and South Africa are negotiating a license to produce a new HIV drug locally.[1] South Africa has the highest HIV burden in the world with approximately 8 million HIV positive people, representing 1 in 5 adults as of last year.[1] This new drug is lenacapavir, which is given as an injection twice a year and reduces the risk of HIV transmission by more than 99.9 percent.[1][2] In the first clinical trial of more than 2,000 women in sub-Saharan Africa, it achieved a 100 percent reduction in infections compared to the daily Truvada pill.[1] In a second study of more than 2,000 men and people of various gender identities, only two cases of infection were recorded, with a prevention rate of 99.9 percent.[1] The drug was approved by the FDA in the US under the name Yeztugo and recommended by the EMA for Europe under the name Yeytuo or Yeytuo.[1][2] Gilead plans to license low-cost versions in 120 poor countries with high HIV rates.[2]