The study evaluated the effectiveness of a case-based learning model based on integrated mind mapping (CBL) using simulated clinical cases in nursing education. Enrolled 100 medical school nursing students from January 2022 to January 2024, divided into a control group with traditional teaching and a research group with CBL (50 students each). After the intervention, the research group scored significantly higher in theoretical knowledge (z = 7.560) and practical nursing skills (z = 7.68). In cognitive outcomes, she demonstrated better performance in critical thinking, evidence-based thinking, and systematic thinking (z = 4.149; 4.525; 4.181; P < 0.05). The research group had significant improvements in independent learning, motivation to learn, and clinical application of knowledge (z = 4.651; 5.396; 6.032; P < 0.05). Overall satisfaction with teaching was higher in the research group (χ² = 8.274; P < 0.05). The Mind Mapping CBL model improves theoretical knowledge, practical skills, clinical thinking and student satisfaction.