The study evaluated the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children after prenatal exposure to anti-seizure drugs during the period of synaptogenesis in mothers with epilepsy. The cohort included 8,887 unexposed children and exposed pregnancies from 219 (lacosamide) to 5,261 (levetiracetam). Valproate and zonisamide have been associated with several disorders, such as neurodevelopmental disorder, ADHD, autism, behavioral, coordination, intellectual disability, learning and speech difficulties (adjusted hazard ratio 1.26–4.50). Levetiracetam and phenytoin were not associated with an increased risk of any disorder. Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine showed a modest increase in the risk of ADHD and conduct disorders (hazard ratio 1.23-1.40). Topiramate and lamotrigine were not significantly associated, but indicated a signal for intellectual disability and topiramate additionally for learning difficulties (hazard ratio 1.23). Several drugs were associated with a two- to four-fold increased risk of intellectual disability, but the estimates were imprecise due to the small number of cases. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses.[1][2]