In 2024, England experienced the largest annual increase in tuberculosis (TB) cases since national surveillance began, with a 13.5% increase (from 4,831 cases in 2023 to 5,490 in 2024)[5]. The rate of TB reporting in England has increased from 8.5 per 100,000 people in 2023 to 9.5 per 100,000 in 2024[4], which is just below the 10 per 100,000 threshold set by the World Health Organization for low-incidence countries[3]. This rise continues the upward trend since 2020 and represents a reversal of the long-term decline in TB cases in England[5]. Around 81.5% of all TB cases in 2024 occurred in people born outside the UK, but for the first time since 2012, the rate of TB in people born in Britain also increased[3]. TB is most prevalent in urban areas, particularly London, but rapid increases have also been reported in the West Midlands and Yorkshire[5]. People who are homeless, have problems with drug and alcohol addiction, or are in contact with the criminal system are at higher risk[1]. Despite increasing cases, England remains a country with a low incidence of TB and the disease is treatable, with 84.4% of patients completing treatment within 12 months[1].