The paper examines how the evolutionary adaptation of fish to global change is reducing sustainable fisheries yields. The study analyzes the impact of size-selective fishing on populations of fish such as Menidia menidia over four generations. Populations fished for large individuals initially produced the highest catch, but quickly developed a lower yield than controls. On the contrary, populations fished for small individuals achieved a higher yield. These changes were caused by the selection of genotypes with slower or faster growth. Evolutionary changes went in the opposite direction to the force of death caused by hunting. To maintain long-term sustainable yields, management tools that preserve natural genetic variability are needed.