The study used a discrete-choice experiment (DCE) to explore the preferences of primary care physicians (PCPs) in eastern China when implementing a training program on prescribing and prescribing for patients with multimorbidity. The survey was conducted from October 10 to December 5, 2024 on 248 respondents (50.4% male, mean age 37.7 years), yielding 2,976 sample observations analyzed with a mixed logit model. The eight attributes included instructor composition, instructional model, training location, participant registration, session duration, training frequency, evaluation methods, and course theory. Physicians showed significant preferences for five attributes in order of relative importance: training frequency (37.29%), session duration (27.23%), instructor composition (16.29%), number of participants (10.23%), and theoretical basis of the course (8.95%). Optimizing preferred attributes, such as shorter duration and multidisciplinary instructors, could increase acceptance of weekly training by up to 66.75%. PCPs prefer monthly 45-minute sessions with self-enrollment, multidisciplinary mentoring, and use of clinical guidelines. A modular, interdisciplinary and demand-driven approach can increase their participation and competence in multimorbidity care.