Millions of children use melatonin to help them sleep, but doctors warn against its use. A large review of studies confirmed the clear benefits of melatonin for children with conditions such as autism and ADHD, where it shortens the time to fall asleep by at least 30 minutes. For typical childhood insomnia, there is much less efficacy data. Observational studies have noted an increase in prescribing, prolonged use – 85% of children aged 0-4 years after 2 months and 40% longer, according to 2019 data – and increasing accidental overdoses in young children. Melatonin supplements often have mislabeled dosages. Experts recommend using it with caution, only in combination with proven behavioral sleep strategies and under medical supervision. Long-term data on safety and behavioral effects are lacking, especially in typically developing children.