Early-life stress can disrupt the connection between the gut and the brain, setting the stage for long-term digestive problems. Studies in mice and thousands of children have found a link between childhood stress and symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Scientists have discovered that different biological pathways control different gut problems. This suggests the possibility of personalized treatment in the future. Research points to lasting physical effects of a child's early environment. These effects concern not only the emotional but also the physical realm. Long-term stress can lead to irritable bowel syndrome in children and adults with symptoms such as alternating diarrhea and constipation. The brain perceives pain and restlessness in the intestines more sensitively.