Older adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes had a higher risk of dementia. A US prospective cohort study found that compared to people without diabetes, older adults with type 1 diabetes had a nearly threefold higher risk of dementia. The study focused on long-term glycemic control in elderly patients with type 1 diabetes. Patients with most exposure to HbA1c 8–8.9% and ≥9% had an increased risk of dementia. Conversely, those with most exposure to HbA1c 6–6.9% and 7–7.9% had a reduced risk of dementia. In fully adjusted models, patients with long-term exposure to higher HbA1c were more than twice as likely to develop dementia. With long-term exposure to well-controlled HbA1c, the risk of dementia was approximately 60% lower.[1]