The article deals with the use of artificial intelligence and simulations in the education of ophthalmologists. According to the Dreyfus model, he divides the professional development of surgeons into four stages: beginner, advanced beginner, competent and expert. In its infancy, virtual reality AI helps shape muscle memory and standardized operating habits through modules with haptic feedback and objective performance metrics. For advanced beginners, computer vision models support understanding of the surgical procedure and help build surgical logic and spatial awareness. In the competent phase, AI uses clinical data to estimate the risk of complications and support scenario-based crisis training. At the expert stage, video analytics with AI allows to compare surgical techniques and identify potential flaws. The article highlights that AI functions as an assistive tool to augment human learning and decision-making. Generalizability, interpretability, data management, and medical accountability in the safe deployment of these technologies remain key challenges.