The study investigated the relationship between vaginal bacteria and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in 358 women infected with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. The researchers found that a decrease in the number of vaginal lactobacilli, an increase in vaginal pH, a higher burden of HR-HPV, older age, longer duration of persistent HPV infection, and reduced vitamin D levels were independent risk factors for the development of CIN. Based on these factors, a prediction model of the nomogram was created with good results - it reached a C-index value of 0.845 in the training set and 0.761 in the validation set. The nomogram model showed high accuracy in predicting the occurrence of CIN, with the area under the ROC curve being 0.845 in the training set and 0.761 in the validation set. The authors conclude that the nomogram is useful for the early prediction of CIN in women infected with HR-HPV and may help to decide on appropriate clinical intervention measures.