For more than a decade, the medical community has been researching the oncological effect of perioperative management in lung cancer surgery. Preclinical studies show that the choice of drugs used during or after surgery and the degree of invasiveness of the surgery can increase the risk of tumor recurrence. However, no clinical studies have been able to translate these results into clinical practice. There have been great advances in the management of lung cancer, particularly with the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques such as video-assisted, robotic, uniportal, and monoportal approaches. These advances also include expanded postoperative rehabilitation programs and multimodal treatment, including neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Surgical approach affects long-term outcomes in lung cancer.