A new study has revealed unexpected risks associated with blocking the enzyme caspase-2, which was thought to be protective in the treatment of fatty liver disease. The researchers found that without this enzyme, liver cells become abnormally large and accumulate genetic damage. This accumulation of genetic damage leads to inflammation, scarring of the liver, and eventually the development of tumors, especially with age. Although caspase-2 inhibition may offer short-term benefits in the form of a reduction in fatty liver, the long-term consequences appear to be dangerous. So the study suggests that this approach to treating fatty liver could paradoxically increase the risk of cancer. The results point to the need for caution in developing therapeutic approaches that block this enzyme.