There are currently no approved perioperative treatments for liver cancer. [original] Several advanced-stage studies are evaluating immunotherapy-based strategies in the perioperative setting. [original] Liver cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, which limits surgical options such as resection or liver transplantation.[2] Immunotherapy stimulates the immune system to attack cancer cells and is particularly promising in advanced forms of the disease.[2] Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is crucial for treatment and prognosis, and can be achieved in 30-60% of patients through active surveillance.[4] Liver transplantation is the only curative method in suitable cases.[4] Treatment options also include radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, and radiotherapy, especially when other procedures are not possible.[3][5]