Acute phosphate nephropathy is a type of acute kidney injury caused by the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the renal tubules and interstitium. Typical symptoms include frequent urination, urge to urinate, foamy urine, impaired renal function with hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, or acute renal failure. The article describes the first reported case in a 9-year-old and 4-month-old child, possibly caused by long-term use of alfa-calcidol. The child had elevated levels of calcium in the blood and urine, elevated creatinine in the blood, an ultrasound showed possible deposition of calcium salts in the renal pyramids, and a renal biopsy confirmed the deposition of calcium phosphate salts. After combined treatment with traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the levels of blood calcium, urine calcium and blood creatinine gradually returned to normal levels. This case supported the recovery of renal function and offers insights for clinical practice. The article also contains an overview of the literature on the etiology, pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies of this disease.