Artificial intelligence is transforming medical education in Saudi Arabia by increasing learning effectiveness, personalization and assessment, supported by the national investment in digital health under Vision 2030. The study is a narrative review that examined the literature of the last 5 years in English and Arabic from peer-reviewed databases and gray literature. Applications include adaptive learning platforms, simulations, virtual and augmented reality, intelligent systems and AI assessment tools. These improve student engagement, knowledge retention and personalized experiences for medical students, residents and trainees. However, the formal integration of competencies such as data literacy, algorithm interpretation and the ethical use of AI into the curriculum is limited. It is necessary to preserve humanistic elements such as empathy, mentorship and interpersonal communication. AI has the potential to transform medical education and prepare the workforce for the future, but it requires additional research, faculty development, ethical governance, and curriculum reform.