An article published in the journal Science (Volume 391, Number 6792, Page 1301) addresses the role of scientists in saving nuclear arms control. In February 2026, the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START), the last nuclear arms control agreement between the US and Russia, expired. The treaty was the latest in a series of agreements limiting the nuclear arsenals of the two most powerful nuclear powers. The US and Russia have approximately 3,700 and 4,309 active nuclear warheads, respectively, representing about 90 percent of the world's nuclear arsenal. The expiration of New START means that these nations have no limits on their stockpiles for the first time in decades. The article emphasizes that scientists can contribute to restoring or creating new nuclear arms control mechanisms. The context also includes tensions over the expansion of China's nuclear forces and concerns about weapons testing.