[Comment] Plastics, plastic chemicals, and microplastics: multiple harms to health

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous particles formed by abrasion, fragmentation, and open burning of plastics. These tiny particles are found in oceans, the Arctic, Himalayan glaciers, air, food, and drinking water. Recently, they have also been discovered in human lungs and faeces, indicating exposure through inhalation and ingestion. Furthermore, MNPs have been detected in blood, carotid arteries, heart, brain, liver, ovaries, testes, and placenta. Early clinical and epidemiological reports suggest associations between MNPs and various health issues. These problems notably include cardiovascular disease, adverse reproductive outcomes, and immune modulation.