Obesity and type 2 diabetes are closely connected chronic progressive diseases. These conditions require an integrated approach to prevention and treatment. This approach ranges from policy measures addressing the obesogenic environment to personalized behavior. Pharmacological or surgical interventions are also utilized. In recent years, conceptual changes have been introduced for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the treatment of people living with obesity, the focus has shifted from simple weight loss to improving overall health. However, there is consensus in the treatment of type 2 diabetes that weight loss represents an important target.