Treatment of Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis with Second-Line All-Oral Drugs in Ghana: Incidence of Adverse Events.

The study examined adverse events in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with second-line all-oral drugs in 384 patients in Ghana from 2020 to August 2024. The mean age of patients was 45 years, with the majority being male (65.78%), and 25% had comorbidities, with HIV being the most common (19.5%). The most frequently reported adverse events were diarrhea (14%), dizziness (13.7%), and vomiting (12.3%), which were mostly mild to moderate in severity and decreased during treatment. Severe adverse events such as leukopenia and acute kidney injury occurred in less than 5% of patients. Analysis showed that patients aged 65 years and above had a 56% lower risk of adverse events, while patients with comorbidities had a 2.6-fold higher risk. At the end of treatment, 74.9% of patients achieved successful outcomes, while 25.1% had unsuccessful outcomes.