Differential Determinants of Past Behavior and Future Intention Regarding Voluntary Blood Donation: A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Qingdao, China

The study examined knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding blood donation among 1,058 people in Qingdao, China, between July and November 2025. Results showed that 37% of participants had a lifetime blood donation history and 39.2% intended to donate blood within the next 12 months. Past blood donation was positively associated with older age (36-45 years), higher education, and interpersonal communication channels, but was hindered by safety concerns. Future intention to donate was positively associated with male sex, prior donation experience, family members or friends needing blood, and exposure to traditional media. Higher education was negatively associated with future intention. The study found that determinants of past behavior and future intention are asymmetric, suggesting the need for stage-specific interventions tailored to different populations.