Incidence trends of aplastic anaemia in Kazakhstan: a nationwide study (2014–2024)

Aplastic anaemia is a rare haematologic disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. This study analysed the incidence of aplastic anaemia in Kazakhstan from 2014 to 2024 using national electronic health records. A total of 1,209 new cases were identified with a median age of 26 years and a slight female predominance (52.3%). The majority of cases (88.9%) were classified as idiopathic or unspecified. The national incidence of aplastic anaemia increased from 0.21 per 100,000 population in 2014 to 0.82 per 100,000 in 2024, driven primarily by an increase in idiopathic cases. Regional variations were observed, with the highest incidence in major urban centres (up to 1.48 per 100,000 in 2024). The authors conclude that geographic disparities suggest differences in healthcare access and diagnostic capacity across regions.