Clinical characteristics and predictors of prolonged hospitalization in patients with cosmetic botulinum toxin poisoning: a retrospective cohort study

The study examined 145 patients hospitalized for botulinum toxin poisoning from cosmetic procedures between August 2024 and January 2025. The median age was 37 years, with 97.93% being female. The most common injection sites were the forehead (26.35%), periocular region (16.77%), and jaw (11.98%). The most frequent manifestations were dizziness (89.66%), dysphagia (85.52%), blurred vision (75.17%), ptosis (68.28%), and slurred speech (24.83%). Analysis showed that dysphagia, slurred speech, and duration of antitoxin therapy were independently associated with prolonged hospitalization. No in-hospital deaths occurred during the study period.