Intellectual Property Literacy, Innovation Readiness and Innovation Practice in Syria's Pharmaceutical Sector: A Cross-Sectional Study

The study examined relationships among intellectual property literacy, innovation attitudes, innovation readiness, and innovation practice among 303 pharmaceutical professionals in Syria between March and April 2026. Results showed that innovation attitudes were high (73.56 out of 100), while innovation readiness (17.00 points) and innovation practice (12.65 points) were substantially lower. Intellectual property literacy was positively associated with innovation readiness and innovation practice. Notably, innovation attitudes were not significantly associated with actual innovation practice. The study concluded that high levels of knowledge and positive attitudes toward innovation did not necessarily translate into high levels of innovation practice. Researchers recommend strengthening innovation-oriented education and university-industry collaboration to support innovation capacity in resource-constrained pharmaceutical systems.