This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of various approaches in primary root canal treatment. It focused on conditions such as dental pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. Among the interventions examined was irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Another intervention involved a combination of sodium hypochlorite irrigation and photodynamic therapy (NaOCl + PDT). Photodynamic therapy was also evaluated as a standalone adjunct treatment (PDT). A saline irrigation group served as a control for comparative purposes. The study was sponsored by Bayan Alqrenawi and has been completed.