Urinary lithogenic factors in urolithiasis patients with kidney disease and correlation with renal function

The study examined the connection between urinary lithogenic factors and renal function in 150 patients with kidney disease and urolithiasis compared to 84 patients with common urolithiasis. Patients with kidney disease showed significantly higher calcium and magnesium to creatinine ratios and lower citrate to creatinine ratios and uric acid levels. Hypocitraturia (citrate-to-creatinine ratio below 0.22 mmol/mmol) was markedly elevated across all kidney disease subgroups (93.5% in transplant recipients, 100% in CKD stages 3–4, and 88.9% in CKD stages 1–2) compared to 66.7% in the common nephrolithiasis group. Analysis revealed that declining renal function was positively associated with calcium and magnesium to creatinine ratios and negatively associated with citrate to creatinine ratio. The findings indicate that kidney disease is associated with distinct alterations in urinary lithogenic factors, particularly hypocitraturia.