Multiplexed visual test with readout synchronized to each respective clinical threshold for rogue anti-cytokine autoantibodies

The article presents a new type of rapid diagnostic test with visual readout capable of simultaneously detecting multiple types of antibodies. Researchers developed a 3D-printed test able to identify antibodies against interferon-alpha, interferon-omega, and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The test is highly sensitive with a detection range of picograms to nanograms per milliliter and results are available in less than one hour. Test reproducibility was high with a coefficient of variation below 10 percent in blood plasma. The test was compared with the reference ELISA method on 41 samples from COVID-19 patients, achieving exceptional results with ROC-AUC values of 0.97, 1.00, and 0.98 for individual tests. This innovative approach enables the creation of diagnostic tests without the need for instruments, suitable for use directly in clinical practice.