Vitamin D Status and Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The study examined the effect of vitamin D on bone healing and recovery after spine surgery. The analysis included 13 studies with a total of 177 to 277 participants. Four supplementation studies showed no significant reduction in postoperative pain. Three studies with 277 participants showed lower Oswestry Disability Index scores in an exploratory analysis. Three studies with 128 participants showed no significant improvement in fusion rate. Current evidence does not confirm that vitamin D supplementation independently improves postoperative pain or fusion rates. Larger randomized trials stratified by baseline vitamin D status are needed.