Long-Term Efficacy and Allograft Loss after Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The study examined long-term outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in 36 solid organ transplant recipients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. An objective response to treatment was achieved in 44.4% of patients, including 9 complete remissions. At 3 years, progression-free survival was 18.6%, disease-specific survival was 65.8%, and overall survival was 32.5%. Five patients experienced graft loss, all kidney transplant recipients, with four having biopsy-confirmed rejection. The 3-year cumulative incidence of kidney graft failure was 16.7%. The results suggest that ICI provides long-term cancer control with a low rate of allograft loss, emphasizing the need for long-term multidisciplinary management.