MES: A Multi-Agent Evidence Synthesis System for Medical Decision-Making

MES is a new multi-agent system designed for synthesizing medical evidence to support decision-making in medicine. This system coordinates six specialized agents that decompose clinical questions, retrieve literature, and evidence from clinical trials. MES also generates real-world evidence (RWE) by analyzing patient cohorts and retrieves information from biomedical knowledge graphs. The system integrates quantitative findings and screens generated claims against their cited evidence. It was evaluated in two clinical use cases and across 144 clinical queries spanning six evidence-based medicine categories. MES generated structured reports that preserved source traceability, identified disagreements between sources, and communicated uncertainty. It provides an auditable framework for organizing, testing, and contextualizing diverse clinical evidence.