Diagnostic accuracy of biological markers for detecting obstructive sleep apnoea

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by recurrent episodes of partial upper airway obstruction leading to sleep disruption. The prevalence of OSA increases with age, ranging from 0.7% to 13% in preschoolers to 35.9% in older adults. OSA is associated with serious health conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, depression, and increased accident risk. Diagnosis of OSA must be confirmed by sleep testing, with polysomnography (PSG) or home sleep apnoea test (HSAT) being the standard methods. Annual costs of OSA treatment per patient range from €1,669 to €5,186 in Europe and $28,267 in the USA. The objective of this review is to determine the accuracy of biological markers from blood, saliva, urine, or breath condensation for detecting OSA in adults.