Progress in diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease and clinical application and prospect of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system with high incidence in middle-aged and elderly populations. The global prevalence and incidence of this disease are increasing and represent a significant burden on the healthcare system. In recent years, important breakthroughs have been made in multimodal imaging diagnosis, specific biomarker screening, genetic susceptibility analysis, and exploration of pathological mechanisms, which provide the basis for early and accurate diagnosis, subtype identification, and disease monitoring. Acupuncture and moxibustion are recognized therapies in traditional medicine and have become important adjuvant treatments for Parkinson's disease. The article systematically summarizes the latest research results in the field of diagnosis and treatment of this disease and describes the theoretical foundations of traditional Chinese medicine and modern pathophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion.