Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation for post-tuberculosis lung disease: a narrative review

Approximately 155 million people worldwide are tuberculosis survivors, many of whom suffer from post-tuberculosis lung disease characterized by abnormal lung structure, impaired lung function, persistent respiratory symptoms, and reduced quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation can improve physical capacity, respiratory symptoms, and quality of life in patients with post-tuberculosis lung impairment. Comprehensive rehabilitation includes exercise, breathing techniques, nutritional support, psychological care, and patient education. Key challenges in implementing rehabilitation in resource-limited countries include insufficient infrastructure, workforce shortages, and financial constraints. Adapted approaches including home-based care and digital support may improve accessibility. Further studies are needed to establish optimal rehabilitation components and long-term effectiveness.