The study examined the effects of supervised exercise training on erythrocyte deformability in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Red blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport in the body, and their deformability is important for proper blood circulation. Patients with end-stage renal disease often experience problems with red blood cell quality. The research was funded by Asia University and the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan. The study was completed with the aim of determining whether supervised exercise could improve red blood cell function in this patient population. The results of this study may contribute to better understanding of the effects of physical activity on the health of dialysis patients.