Pharmacodynamic interaction between ciprofol and remifentanil for laryngeal mask airway placement without neuromuscular blocking agents: a prespecified secondary analysis

The study examines the pharmacodynamic interaction between two drugs – ciprofol and remifentanil – during laryngeal mask airway insertion without neuromuscular blocking agents. Ciprofol has a significantly lower incidence of injection pain (approximately 1.6%) compared to propofol (30–70%). The analysis aimed to determine whether the combination of ciprofol and remifentanil produces additive or synergistic effects. Distinguishing between these types of interactions is important for patient safety and hemodynamic stability. Laryngeal mask airway without neuromuscular blocking agents is a routine procedure in modern anesthesiology.