Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Malnourished Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2017-2025)

This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in malnourished children in Ethiopia. Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a global health challenge, with malnutrition being a major factor increasing vulnerability to the disease. The analysis included 12 studies published between 2017 and 2024, collectively involving 5,749 participants. The pooled prevalence of tuberculosis among malnourished children in Ethiopia was estimated at 16%. Prevalence varied significantly across individual studies, with the highest reported at 95% (Addis Ababa) and the lowest at 6% (Harar). The smallest sample size was 133 participants (Oromia region), while the largest was 1,201 (Amhara region). These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated healthcare interventions targeting both TB and malnutrition.