Timing and risk of age-related conditions in individuals with Down syndrome

The study examined the difference in risk and age of onset of age-related diseases between individuals with Down syndrome and the general population. Individuals with Down syndrome had significantly higher risk of all examined conditions including cataracts, cognitive decline, death, and osteoporosis. Cognitive decline was 24.5 times higher in individuals with Down syndrome compared to the general population, while other conditions showed 2- to 4-fold increased risk. Cognitive decline and death occurred more than 14 years earlier in individuals with Down syndrome and frequently co-occurred. These findings indicate the need for tailored screening and preventive measures for aging individuals with Down syndrome.